Child Development | Nemours Blog | Pediatric News and Guidance From Our Experts

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Child Development

Mother holding a newborn baby and tenderly cuddles gently while the infant is sleepy on the shoulder.

Newborn Care in the First Week: What’s Normal and When to Call the Doctor

You did it — your bundle of joy is here! Before you know it, the medical staff is telling you, “It’s time for you to be discharged,” and you’re on your way home. And it’s only your first few days being a parent. This guide will walk through what the first week with your newborn baby may look like and, just as importantly, a few things to keep an eye out for along the way. The first week of infant care is a time of big adjustment — for both you and your baby. Many of the changes you notice are completely normal as your newborn adapts to life outside the womb. But there are also moments when it’s important to pause and check in with your pediatrician. What to Expect in Your Baby’s First Week During the first week of life, babies spend most of their time sleeping, feeding, […]

Student seated at a classroom desk working in a notebook during class.

ADHD Signs in Kids: What to Look For and What Comes Next

An estimated 7 million children in the United States have an ADHD diagnosis, according to the latest data collected in 2024 from HRSA’s National Survey of Children’s Health and reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). If your child has been referred for an ADHD evaluation — or you’ve wondered whether some of their behaviors might be explained by ADHD — you probably have questions. This guide walks parents through what ADHD is, how it’s diagnosed, what treatment options look like, and how pediatricians, families, and schools can work together to support your child. What is ADHD?    ADHD stands for attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder. ADHD affects how the brain manages attention, impulse control, and activity level. ADHD symptoms usually appear in early childhood (before age 12), though they may be recognized much later, especially in bright or quiet kids who learn to mask their struggles with attention, self-control, […]

Child sitting with a picture book and exploring early literacy skills through independent reading.

Supporting Early Literacy Skills With NCRBS!

Long before a child picks up a book and begins to read on their own, the groundwork for reading success is already being laid. Early literacy doesn’t start with formal reading instruction; it begins with a child listening to the sounds of language, noticing print in the world around them, and discovering that their own marks on paper can carry meaning. These emerging abilities, from hearing the rhymes and rhythms in spoken words to making the first connections between letters and sounds, develop naturally through play, conversation, and shared experiences with caring adults. When these emerging abilities are intentionally supported and encouraged, they can blossom into the strong reading foundations that every child needs — and this is exactly where programs like Nemours Children’s Reading BrightStart! (NCRBS!) come in. NCRBS! is one example of how early literacy can be nurtured through research-based approaches, offering parents and educators practical, age-appropriate ways […]

Young child wearing a backpack enters an early childhood classroom while holding an adult's hand as other children participate in learning activities.

Nemours Children’s Health is Leading a New Movement for Kindergarten Readiness

Right now, there are new kindergarteners running off the school bus, bursting with pride to tell their families how caterpillars become butterflies. In class, their little hands shoot up in the air when the teacher asks what sound the letters “CH” make. “You’ve grown so much since you were a baby!” their pediatricians exclaim, smiling. For other kids, the shift into a structured classroom isn’t so smooth. When lessons are hard to follow, they tune out. Following directions or cooperating with the other kids can be overwhelming, leading to emotional outbursts. Lunch can’t come soon enough—there wasn’t much to eat at home. Instead of rapidly learning new information, these kids are struggling to catch up. Today, more than a third of U.S. children entering kindergarten are not academically, physically, socially, and emotionally ready to learn. That is not just an education problem—it is a health problem as well. Educational achievement […]

Three school aged children hold watermelon slices up in front of them as they smile for a portrait.

The Hidden Ways Summer Break Impacts Children’s Health

Summer is often viewed as a break from school and a chance to relax. But as the leader of a pediatric health system, I see summer as a stress test for the systems that support children’s health. When the structure of the school year falls away, we gain a clearer view of the factors that shape a child’s well-being: access to nutritious food, safe places to play, nurturing adults, learning opportunities, and stable family support. These conditions matter because medical care is only one component of health. Research consistently shows that the vast majority of health outcomes—around 85%—are shaped by the circumstances of daily life. Over the summer, dependable school breakfast and lunch give way to whatever a family can piece together. Built-in recess and physical education give way to unstructured hours, often leaving children to look for community spaces to play. The network of trusted teachers, counselors, and coaches […]

Adult reading a picture book with a young child on a couch, illustrating early literacy development through shared interaction

AI and Your Child’s Literacy: What Every Parent Needs to Know

Before your child can read a single word, they’re learning to read the world. Your gaze, your voice, the way you answer their coos and cries — all of these inputs wire their brain for a lifetime of learning. It’s an invisible curriculum, delivered in the ordinary moments of daily life, and it’s the foundation upon which all language and literacy are built. It’s also, quietly and without much public debate, under threat. Learning Starts Long Before Reading As a pediatric surgeon and social scientist, my entire career has revolved around one central question: What do children need from the adults in their lives in order to thrive? Again and again, the science points to the same thing: Nurturing human interaction, and a whole lot of it. Not “educational” videos. Not apps. Not YouTube. Your words, your songs, your eye contact. This is why I’ve spent the last 15 years […]

Little boy in glasses and suspenders looking up as if he is pondering something.

How to Choose the Best Childcare for You and Your Family

Choosing childcare can feel a bit like starting a big adventure, one filled with new places, new faces, and lots of big decisions. The good news? Your pediatrics team is here to help you every step of the way. Here’s a friendly, easy-to-follow roadmap to help you find the best childcare fit for your family. Exploring Different Types of Childcare Options   When it comes to choosing a child or infant care provider, there is no one-size-fits-all solution. The right fit for your family depends on factors such as cost, location, classroom size, accommodations, and specialized services. Childcare options may be run by schools, universities, churches, independent providers, employers, hospitals, and the military. There are also specialized childcare centers for children with medical or developmental needs. Here’s an overview of the types of settings where childcare is provided: Family Childcare Homes Smaller home-based settings run by 1–2 caregivers. This is […]

Little kids pretending to be a doctor. Shot of a cute little girl with a stethoscope examining her brother. Children playing doctors.

Creating Heart-Healthy Habits Starts in Childhood

You might think cholesterol and heart disease are only adult concerns, but research shows cardiovascular disease begins in childhood. Many teens have unhealthy cholesterol levels, meaning their good cholesterol is too low or their bad cholesterol is too high. And the risk increases dramatically with weight — with obese teens being affected at a rate of 43%. Since childhood obesity rates are significantly higher than in previous generations, more kids are developing abnormal cholesterol levels early. And obesity doesn’t just affect cholesterol — it increases the risk of heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, and stroke. Ready to make a real difference in your child’s heart health? Here are four simple habits you can start today. 1. Get Moving Every Day Being active at a young age can help lay the groundwork for being physically active as an adult. But how much exercise is recommended for children? Healthy kids should get […]

Teen girl privately discussing symptoms with a female doctor

Adolescent Well Visits: A Safe Place for Teens to Be Heard

Adolescents are at a point in their lives where everything is (or simply feels like) it’s changing all around them. They’re gaining new skills as they learn and grow; they’re taking on new responsibilities as they gain more independence; and they’re navigating new social challenges — within their families, at school, and among friends as their peer group members also mature and grow. Meanwhile, their bodies are undergoing rapid physical, mental, and emotional development. When you put it all together, this can often lead to that feeling of uncertainty that most of us experienced growing up. This adolescent uncertainty leads to three core questions that almost every teenager goes to bed wondering: These questions are fundamental to an adolescent’s development and health, which is why there are differences in pediatric and adolescent medicine. Pediatrician checkups begin to change to include more questions about mental, emotional, and social well-being. Our goal […]

Depression Screening in Primary Care, Powered by Nemours Children's Health System

Depression Screening in Primary Care – Why It’s Essential

Rates of mental health concerns among adolescents, including depression and suicidal thoughts, have risen substantially in recent years. Studies have also shown that the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S. has disproportionately affected people with low socioeconomic status, as well as Black, Indigenous, and Latino people, all of whom have experienced higher rates of cases, hospitalizations, and deaths. According to suicide.org, about 20 percent of all teens experience depression before they reach adulthood, but only about 30 percent of teens are being treated for their symptoms. Pediatric primary care is an important setting for routine mental health screening among adolescents. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends universal screening by primary care providers for all patients 12 years of age and older at their annual well visits. Depression screenings are important because signs can often be missed if they are not obvious to untrained individuals.  Kids who are in distress often […]

Anxiety in Kids: Know the Signs

Anxiety in Kids: Know the Signs

While back to school season is usually an exciting time for most students, many kids and teens may also be feeling anxious or worried about what this school year might have in store. For many students, this is the first time they will return to in person learning since the COVID-19 pandemic began. While some may be looking forward to getting back to their normal schedules, there are those who are struggling with returning to school under new conditions.  A lot of kids and teens have struggled with stress and uncertainty over the last year because of the disruptions to “normal” life caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. While returning to in person learning has many benefits for mental health and well-being, especially increased socializing that is crucial for kids and teens, your child may also have some concerns about heading back to school this year, including: Being behind other classmates […]

"Whole Child" Health: Integrative Medicine Helps Heal Kids Inside and Out. Powered by Nemours Children's Health System

“Whole Child” Health: Integrative Medicine Helps Heal Kids Inside and Out

In recent years, integrative medicine has become common in the care of patients of all ages. This approach combines traditional and alternative medicine. It focuses not only on physical well-being, but also on emotional and sometimes even spiritual aspects of a person’s health. Nemours Children’s Health uses integrative medicine to treat the whole child: body, mind and spirit. When kids and their families walk through Nemours’ doors, whether in an inpatient or outpatient setting, the facility focuses on the children’s overall wellness and healing. Depending on the complexity of the condition, treatment will likely incorporate medications and physical therapies. But to get at the heart of healing, Nemours also incorporates complementary solutions such as nutrition and physical activity strategies, mind-body methods like yoga and meditation, and therapies including massage and aromatherapy. What is integrative medicine? Integrative medicine is an approach to care that puts your child at the center. It addresses […]

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