What is Iron-Deficiency Anemia?
Iron-deficiency anemia is a condition that happens when there isn’t enough iron in the body. An infant or child with anemia has a lower number of red blood cells (RBCs), and RBCs contain hemoglobin (HEE-muh-glow-bin), a protein that carries oxygen throughout the body. The body needs iron to make hemoglobin. Without enough iron, less hemoglobin and fewer red blood cells are produced, which leads to anemia.
Unlike some types of anemia, iron-deficiency anemia (also called “IDA”) can be prevented. It’s also relatively easy to treat with things like iron supplements and dietary changes.
Preventing IDA
- Give your child a multivitamin with iron. This is especially important for breastfed infants and premature infants. Full-term babies should start iron supplements at 4 months.
- Cook using a cast iron skillet. Cooking with a cast iron allows the iron to leach into the food and get absorbed through the diet.
- Cook using an iron fish (sometimes called a lucky iron fish). This works the same as a cast iron skillet to add extra iron to food and drinks.
- Limit milk intake for children over 12 months old to no more than 16–24 ounces (2 to 3 cups) per day. That’s because milk prevents iron from being absorbed correctly. As a reminder, it’s important not to give non-breastmilk or formula to children less than 12 months old.
- Incorporate iron-rich foods into your child’s diet. Good choices include iron-fortified cereals, lean meats, fish, beans, tofu and egg yolks.
- Serve fruits and vegetables high in vitamin C during mealtime. This is because the vitamin C helps the body absorb iron better. Some good choices can include oranges or bell peppers, even a glass of orange juice with the meal can increase iron.
Symptoms and Screenings for IDA
As part of routine wellness, you should have your child screened for anemia at the 12-month and 24-month well-child visits. If your child is showing signs of iron-deficiency anemia, ask your pediatrician to screen your child for anemia. Common symptoms a child may exhibit include would be things like:
- Fast heart rate
- Looking pale
- Eating non-food items such as ice or paper
- Is fussy for no apparent reason
- Is more tired than usual
What If My Child Develops IDA?
If iron levels are found to be low, your child may need to start an oral iron supplement. These can cause constipation, so it’s important to make sure your child is well hydrated, or they may need to take medicine to help with bowel movements. If your child is unable to take the oral supplement, then reach out to your pediatrician to talk about next steps.
You can also learn more about iron-deficiency anemia in children from the Nemours experts at KidsHealth.org.
