Naloxone, also known as Narcan, is a powerful and life-saving medication used to reverse opioid overdoses. Opioids are a type of medicine often prescribed to manage pain, but they can be dangerous if misused. Millions of families in the United States have lost a loved one due to an overdose, but in the case of opioid overdoses, we have a tool that can help. The American Academy of Pediatrics called on pediatricians to help reduce these tragic losses by educating families about overdose prevention. By learning about naloxone, you can be better prepared to protect your loved ones and save a life.
What is Naloxone?
Naloxone is a medication designed to quickly reverse the effects of opioids, such as fentanyl, heroin, and prescription pain medications like oxycodone. Narcan is simply a brand name for naloxone, which is why you may hear it used interchangeably. It works by blocking the opioids in the body, allowing the person to breathe normally and regain consciousness. Naloxone is most commonly available as a small, easy-to-carry nasal spray, and each box comes with two doses.
Who Should Have Naloxone?
Naloxone is recommended for anyone who might be at risk of an opioid overdose. This includes individuals with opioid addiction, those who have been prescribed opioids by a healthcare provider, and anyone who has opioids in their home. Having naloxone on hand can provide peace of mind and a critical safety net.
Where Can You Get Naloxone?
Naloxone is widely available across all 50 states. You can get a prescription from your doctor, but many pharmacies offer it without a prescription. Additionally, your local health department may provide naloxone for free. It’s a good idea to have it accessible, just like a first-aid kit.
When Should You Use Naloxone?
If you suspect someone is experiencing an opioid overdose, it’s crucial to act quickly. Call 911 immediately and then administer naloxone. Signs of an overdose can include small pupils, pale and/or clammy skin, blue lips or fingernails, and a person who is unresponsive or has slow or no breathing.
Naloxone is safe and will not cause harm if given to someone who is not overdosing, so it’s better to use it even if you’re unsure. It’s also safe to use in children.
How Do You Use Naloxone Nasal Spray?
Using naloxone nasal spray is straightforward and can be done in a few simple steps:
- Prepare the Spray: Remove the nasal spray from its box and remove the red cap.
- Administer the Dose: Place the tip of the spray into one nostril and press the plunger firmly to deliver the full dose.
- Wait and Observe: If the person’s breathing does not return to normal within 2-3 minutes, give a second dose in the other nostril.
- Stay with the Person: Continue to monitor the person and provide additional support until help arrives.
To see a step-by-step demonstration on how to use naloxone nasel spray, watch this video created by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
How to Make It a Positive Approach to Safety?
While the topic of opioid overdose can be daunting, knowing about naloxone and how to use it can empower you and your family. It’s a tool that can bring hope and security, ensuring that you are prepared to handle a potential emergency. Think of knowing how to use Narcan the same way you think about knowing how to perform CPR. By having these conversations and taking proactive steps, you can create a safer environment for everyone.
Want to Know More?
If you have any questions about opioids, overdose, or naloxone, don’t hesitate to talk to your pediatrician. They are there to provide guidance and support, helping you and your family stay informed, prepared, and most of all safe. And if you or your child has a family member who is currently affected by opioid misuse, doctors will do what they can to protect privacy and confidentiality, so encourage them to seek help in addition to keeping naloxone on hand. Plus, most states have laws that protect someone who is overdosing and a person who calls for help.
Written by: Hunter Kupchella, DO, a second-year resident at Nemours Children’s Hospital, Delaware
